PAIN MANAGEMENT AND PALLIATIVE CARE IN MEDICAL SURGICAL UNITS

The chapter emphasizes the importance of communication and shared decision-making, underscoring the need for a compassionate, patient-centered approach to ensure dignity, comfort, and a better quality of life in both medical and surgical care settings.This chapter on pain management and palliative care in medical and surgical units provides a comprehensive overview of the essential principles and practices in managing pain for patients with life limiting or serious illnesses.The chapter by outlining the pathophysiology of pain,empahasizing its complex nature in both acute and chronic settings.It delves into the various types of pain-nociceptive ,neuropathic and mixed and the importance of accurate assessment using a multidisciplinary approach.Special focus is given to the role of pharmacological treatments,including opioids,non-opioid analgesics and adjuvants,while also addressing the potential risks and side effects,such as opioid misuse and overdose.In addition to pharmacological interventions,the chapter highlights the significance of non pharmacological therapies,such as physical therapy,cognitive behavioural therapy and complementary approaches,which can enhance pain relief and improve quality of life.A  section on palliative care outlines how to provide holistic care, and  address the psychological,spiritual and social needs of patients and their families.